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IRS Penalty & Interest Calculator

Behind on taxes? See what the late-filing penalty and daily interest add up to, what waiting costs, and how to stop the meter.

Built by CPAs
Free to use · Rates verified 2026-07-26
Estimated cost of being late, today$2,212
Penalties$2,000
Interest (compounds daily)$212
Total owing incl. tax$12,212
If you wait, the IRS keeps counting:
$12,212
Today
$13,042
+3 mo
$13,418
+6 mo
$14,175
+12 mo

Waiting a year adds about $1,962. Filing stops the failure-to-file penalty even if you can't pay yet.

Can these penalties be erased? Get your free Financial Health Check ↓

Estimates for planning, not tax advice or an official balance. IRS interest compounds daily at the federal underpayment rate, updated quarterly.

The rules

How IRS late penalties actually work

Two penalties can run at once, and daily compound interest grows on top of both.

ChargeHow it's calculatedMaximum
Failure-to-file5% of unpaid tax per month or part-month25% (+ minimum after 60 days)
Failure-to-pay0.5% per month (0.25% on a payment plan)25%
InterestFederal short-term rate + 3% (7% in Q3 2026), compounded daily on tax and penaltiesNo cap, never stops

The one move that always helps: file now, even if you can't pay. Filing stops the biggest penalty immediately; only the much smaller interest keeps running.

Free health check

Get your Financial Health Check

Five quick questions. You'll get your late-tax numbers, the IRS relief programs that may erase the penalties, and a step-by-step catch-up plan.

1. If revenue stopped today, how long could the business pay its bills?
2. How current are your books?
3. How much of your invoicing is unpaid past 60 days?
4. Do you set money aside for taxes through the year?
5. How has revenue moved over the last 6 months?

0 of 5 answered. Your personalized report unlocks after the last question.

The good news

Some of these penalties can be erased

If your last 3 years were clean, First-Time Abatement can remove both penalties with a phone call. Payment plans halve the failure-to-pay rate. The order of operations matters.

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FAQ

Late taxes, explained

How is the IRS failure-to-file penalty calculated?

It's 5% of your unpaid tax for each month (or part of a month) the return is late, capped at 25%. If you're more than 60 days late there's also a minimum: the smaller of a set amount ($485 to $525, depending on the year the return was due) or 100% of the tax owed. When the failure-to-pay penalty runs in the same month, the failure-to-file portion drops to 4.5% so the two together stay at 5% per month.

What's the failure-to-pay penalty?

0.5% of the unpaid tax per month or part of a month, up to 25% in total. For a return you filed on time, it drops to 0.25% per month while an approved IRS payment plan is in place. It's ten times smaller than the failure-to-file penalty, which is why filing on time matters even when you can't pay.

What interest does the IRS charge?

The federal short-term rate plus 3%, set every quarter (7% for July to September 2026), compounded daily on the tax and the penalties. Interest can't be waived except in rare cases, which is why waiting gets expensive even after penalties max out.

Should I file even if I can't pay?

Yes. The failure-to-file penalty (5% per month) is ten times the failure-to-pay penalty (0.5% per month). Filing immediately stops the big one, and you can set up an IRS payment plan for the balance, which also halves the failure-to-pay rate.

Can the IRS remove my penalties?

Often, yes. First-Time Abatement removes failure-to-file and failure-to-pay penalties if you filed and paid on time for the previous 3 years. Reasonable-cause relief exists for situations like illness or disaster. Interest on the tax itself generally stays, but interest charged on removed penalties goes with them.

What happens to my refund if I never file?

It expires. You must claim a refund within 3 years of the return's due date; after that the money stays with the Treasury permanently. If you're owed refunds for old years, filing them is found money, but only until the deadline passes.

Is this calculator free, and how accurate is it?

Free, no sign-up. It applies the IRS penalty formulas and the quarterly underpayment interest rates (verified 2026-07-26). It's an estimate for planning: your actual balance depends on the assessed return, payment dates, and any relief the IRS grants.

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